Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Pradhibha ¹, T. V. U. Kirankumar ¹, P. Thamarai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, IN

Abstract

This paper presents an adaptive neural network, designed to improve the performance of conventional automatic landing systems (ALS). Real-time learning was applied to train the neural network using the gradient-descent of an error function to adaptively update weights. Adaptive learning rates were obtained through the analysis of Lyapunov stability to guarantee the convergence of learning. In addition, we applied a DSP controller using the VisSim/TI C2000 Rapid Prototyper to develop an embedded control system and establish on-line real-time control. Simulations show that the proposed control scheme has superior performance to conventional ALS under conditions of wind disturbance of up to 75 ft/s. Automatic aircraft landing operation, depends upon the proper functioning of various networks related to it. The safe landing of aircraft is very much important. This project deals with the detection of various obstructions related to safe landing. This is achieved by using automatic landing system through neural network, in corporation with embedded system. The sensor is used to sense the real altitude ,altitude rate and command signal. Any one of these signal is fed to the reference trajectory and other signal is fed to ARAN controller from the there the signal is fed to error comparator and other signal for error comparator comes from the reference trajectory, both the signals are compared and the difference in signal is pitch command signal that signal along with disturbance signal is given to aircraft model. If there is any changes found in aircraft model again the signal is fed to real altitude block for further comparison. The ARAN controller is used for varying the weights.

Keywords

Neural Networks, Automatic Landing System, Resource Allocating Network, Instrument Landing System

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R. Amudhevalli ¹, T. V. U. Kirankumar ², P. Thamarai ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai - 600 073, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

In today's rapidly changing e-Learning environment, we do not have time to endure months of implementation to complete our mission-critical training initiatives. The application of information and communications technology to education and training, both in the corporate and public sectors is now big business on a global scale. It is however, an industry which is young and relatively immature. The rapid emergence of new technologies outpaces the ability of learning communities to apply the technological infrastructure in any systemic or sustainable fashion. E-learning communities are still grappling with significant pedagogical, cultural and business issues which are often under-estimated by the technologists. M-learning has now emerged as a new wave of development, based on the use of mobile devices combined with wireless infrastructure, and much of the current literature on M-learning reveals all the strengths and weaknesses associated with the more mature E-learning communities. There are, of course, close links between E-learning and M-learning and it can be argued that they represent a continuum based on the deployment of ever-more sophisticated technologies. For innovation to have an effect, however, there must be distribution channels that provide access to end-users. This is where connectivity comes in and why the Internet is different. In other media, such as print, radio, cinema, music and television, the companies who own the distribution channels (publishers, radio and television networks, film studios, and the recording industry) control the content.

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S. Sidhardhan ¹, P. Thamarai ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 007, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Deptt. of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem-636 011, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Industrialization is responsible not only for economic development but also for environmental pollution. Among the polluting industries, tanneries come under one of the most polluting industrial categories. There are more than 2500 tanneries in the country and nearly 1000 tanneries are located in Tamilnadu state alone. Out of these more than 80 tanneries are located in Dindigul district in Tamilnadu. The untreated effluents contaminate water and soil resources. At present both surface water and groundwater resources get depleted and polluted due to unscientific management and utilization. In the present study, the groundwater quality survey was carried out in Dindigul. The sampling points (wells) are located using GPS. The samples of groundwater were collected and analysed for 10 physicochemical parameters and the status of water quality is suggested using water quality index (WQI).

Keywords

Groundwater Quality, Water Quality Index, Tannery Industry, Dindigul District.

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S. Bhagavathi Perumal ¹, P. Thamarai ²

Affiliations
1 The Indian Engineering College, Tirunelveli, T.N., IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 007, T.N., IN

Abstract

Rainfall intensity and groundwater quantity in Coastal area of Kanyakumari to Colachel coastal belt after Tsunami was used to assess the capacity of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater were also analysed based on the rainfall intensity. In Kanyakumari district, the surface water resources have been fully utilized. The surface flow is more during monsoon periods. The deficient monsoon rainfall has affected the flow of surface water into reservoirs, anacuts, lakes, etc. Surface water and rainwater are widely used for irrigation. Consequently, agriculturists have to a great extent depend upon an alternate source, viz., groundwater for irrigation requirements. Groundwater in the area is generally very good, pleasant, fresh to brackish, average to very low saline and low alkaline in nature and fit both for agriculture and drinking purposes. Permissible average total hardness and TDS in all places of the study area identify the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In the study area less groundwater extraction keeps the water table high. The elevated topography, more rainfall and limited groundwater extraction, keeps the Kanyakumari coastal belt free from sea water intrusion. Quantity of water is generally good throughout the district due to continuous rain fall in all monsoon seasons. Comparing the results of water quantity like surface water and subsurface water before and after Tsunami there is not much change in the quantity.

Keywords

Groundwater, Rainfall Intensity, Coastal Area, Kanyakumari, Colachel, Tsunami.

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S. Bhagavathi Perumal ¹, P. Thamarai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Govt. College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, 627 007, T.N, IN

Abstract

To ascertain the suitability of groundwaters for any purpose, it is essential to classify them depending upon their hydrochemical properties based on their TDS values. The groundwater of the area is freshwater except a few samples representing brackish water at Manakudi. Most of the groundwater samples are within the maximum permissible limit for drinking as per the WHO international standards. At the junction point, where Palayar and sea joins, the Echori effect was also studied and there is no such effect which affect the surface and groundwater properties. The TDS value of 2/ 3rd of the basin is below 500 mg/L indicating low content of chloride in groundwaters which can be used for drinking without any risk.

Keywords

Goundwater, Total Dissolved Solids, Water Quality, Coastal Area, Kanyakumari.

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S. Bhagavathi Perumal ¹, P. Thamarai ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, National College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 151, T.N., IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 007, T.N., IN

Abstract

Soil types of an area are more important, since soil is the main criteria in agricultural production and in recharge of groundwater. Different types of soils are derived from a wide range of geological formations. Knowledge about type of soils, its extent and occurrence is of primary importance for agricultural planning to maximize production and for groundwater recharge. The soils of the district from Kanyakumari to Colachel coastal belt can be classified into red loams, red lateritic soil and pale reddish. They are derived from lateralization of gneisses. The soils derived from gneisses are mostly brownish. Thickness of soils in mountains is almost negligible, whereas in the valleys they are around 2m thick. The lateritic type of soil occurs in blocks of Rajakkamangalam. The mixed type of red and alluvial soil occurs in Agastheeswaram block. The coastal sand occurs in the western side of the district. The coastal alluvium sand is of high fertility. Generally, the soils are highly acidic in the coastal area. This is mainly due to heavy rainfall and heavy leaching of basic rock in hilly areas.

Keywords

Lithological Studies, Coastal Area, Kanyakumari, Colachel Coastal Belt.

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S. Bhagavathi Perumal ¹, P. Thamarai ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Civil Engineering, National College of Engineering, Maruthakulam, Tirunelveli-627 151, T.N., IN
2 Deptt. of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 007, T. N., IN

Abstract

Hydrochemistry of groundwater in coastal area of Kanyakumari to Colachel after Tsunami was used to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking purposes. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, HCO₃ ^-, CO₃ ^2-, SO₄ ^2-, NO₃ ^-, F^-, B^- and SiO₂ were determined. Concentrations of the chemical constituents in groundwater vary spatially and temporally. Interpretation of analytical data shows that mixed Ca-Mg-Cl, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl are the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area. Alkali earths (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and strong acids (Cl^-, SO₄ ^2-) are slightly dominating over alkalis (Na⁺, K⁺) and weak acids (HCO₃ ^-, CO₃ ^2-). The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ = Cl^- > HCO₃^- > SO₄ ^2- > NO₃^- > CO₃^2-. Groundwater in the area is generally very good, pleasant, fresh to brackish, average to very low saline and low alkaline in nature and fit for drinking purposes. Permissible average total hardness and TDS in all places of the study area identify the suitability of groundwater for drinking. Based on the TDS value, the groundwater in these areas is of bicarbonate/ calcium chloride/sodium chloride type. Fluoride and boron are within the permissible limits for human consumption and crops as per the international standards. Nitrate concentration is slightly high in some areas. In the study area less groundwater extraction keeps the water table high. The elevated topography, more rainfall and limited groundwater extraction, keeps the Kanyakumari coastal belt free from seawater intrusion. The surface water resources have been fully utilized. The surface flow is more during monsoon periods. Quality of water is generally good throughout the district except some places in the study areas like Keelamanagudi, Thengampudur and Colachel and some pockets along the coastal belt. Comparing the results of water parameters before and after Tsunami there is not much change in the quality of water for drinking.

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M. Selva Kumar ¹, P. Thamarai ¹, S. Arulselvi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper approaches a new and simple technique to develop the RSA algorithm using FPGA that can be used as a standard device in the secured communication system. This RSA algorithm is implemented in the FPGA with the help of VHDL. A simple nested loop addition and subtraction have been used in order to implement the RSA operation. This results in very low frequency requirement to perform this operation with consideration of high speed by reducing the gate counts with low power consumption of whole circuit, multiple key size support and low cost compared to earlier methods. The information to RSA encryption side is in the form of statement and the same will appear in the decryption side and its real time input/output also achieved effectively. The hardware design is targeted on Xilinx Spartan 3E device and it supports lower versions as well. The RSA algorithm design has made use of 951 total equivalent gate counts and achieved a clock frequency of 35.00MHz.

Keywords

Cryptography, FPGA, VHDL, Security, Communication.

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R. Govindarajan ¹, S. Arulselvi ¹, P. Thamarai ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In this Paper, we introduce three types of enhanced wireless control systems for when the Robot operates under water. The first system is Zigbee communication, second System is Light approach and third one is Magnetic Field.

In recent trends the robots are working in vast applications, if our concept adopted, it will enhance and increasing monitoring function done by the robot.

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